How do you manage app dependencies in Flutter, and what is the role of the pubspec.yaml file?

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In Flutter, app dependencies are managed using the pubspec.yaml file, which is the central configuration file for any Dart or Flutter project. It defines all the packages, assets, and other metadata the app requires. Here's how dependency management works and the role of pubspec.yaml:

1. Defining Dependencies:
   Under the dependencies: section in pubspec.yaml, you list external packages your app needs, such as http, provider, or flutter_bloc.

2. Dev Dependencies:
   In the dev_dependencies: section, you include tools used for development or testing (e.g., flutter_test, build_runner).

3. Versioning:
   You can specify exact versions or use semantic versioning (e.g., ^1.0.0) to allow automatic updates within compatible versions.

4. Assets and Fonts:
   The pubspec.yaml file also registers app assets like images or custom fonts:

5. Running flutter pub get:
   After updating pubspec.yaml, you run flutter pub get to download and integrate the specified packages into your project.

6. Dependency Resolution:
   Flutter’s package manager, pub, resolves dependencies, handles conflicts, and ensures all packages are compatible.

In summary, the pubspec.yaml file is essential for managing dependencies, assets, and project settings, making it a core part of every Flutter project.

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